Two facts are there for all to see: In the last decades the Shoa has been the object of widespread commemorative activities throughout the Global North. In the same lapse of time intolerance and racism have increased dramatically. Are these facts unrelated, or is there a connection? How can societies combat the current waves of ultra-nationalism and xenophobia? And what does it take to investigate the reasons for the failure of contemporary memory culture to fulfil its universalistic pledge, based on the simplistic equation Never Forget = Never Again?