The idea that human consumption patterns have exceeded the planet’s carrying capacity – the concept of ecological overshoot – is central to all understandings of the Anthropocene. This talk explores the origins of ecological overshoot through a case study of the growth and development of the world food system since the eighteenth century. It focuses particularly on Britain, whose early industrialization was founded upon the economic premise that the world could be divided into manufacturing and agrarian zones, producing long-distance food chains linking commodity frontiers to an urbanized core. This model, which largely ignored its ecological consequences, became the foundation for many later projects of development. The talk pays particular attention to meat, wheat, and sugar, and examines the complex and ambivalent bodily effects of a diet rich in these foodstuffs. Most centrally, it traces the ecological consequences of a dietary footprint which greatly exceeded local carrying capacity, and it links these historical developments to our contemporary world food crisis.