Studies of mythology could play a vital role in our understanding of human evolutionary history. Indeed, myths are passed on from one generation to another by a process of descent with modifications, are often transmitted at the same time as genes and evolve slowly enough to reveal a deep history. Recently, phylogenetic methods have been applied to myths to answer a range of questions. These include the reconstruction of the first human migrations, the evolution of myths, including patterns in transmission and rates of evolution, and the reconstruction of the human proto-mythology. These results shed new light on anthropology, archaeology and genetics.