For approximately the last two decades, Brazilian culture has been engaged in a struggle at a crossroads. One path leads to the defense, albeit reformed, of the project of a “civilização mestiça”—a vision of transforming Brazilian society politically and socio-economically according to the same principles of mixture and plurality that, despite certain limitations, define the country’s popular culture. The other path leads to tribalism, to an experience of tense multiculturalism that challenges this singular and rare construct of Brazilian history that is métissage. Therefore, we must ask, considering the specificities of Brazilian history: what does decolonization mean in Brazil? Is it possible—and in what ways is it desirable—to separate colonizers and colonized more than five centuries after the beginning of their interaction? In short: how can we redefine the very meaning of decolonization as an international discourse that does not fully account for Brazilian history and its own cultural utopia?